Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Volume:17 Issue: 6, 2013

Bisphenol-A is categorized as a toxic and refractory organic matter. Ultrasonic process considered as an effective method for degradation of refractory organic matters in the environment which is achieved by the production of fine bubbles through cavitation process. This study is conducted for assessment of the toxicity of effluents containing Bisphenol-A which was treated by Ultrasonic and hydrogen peroxide processes using Daphnia Magna organism. The bioassay test was conducted using Daphnia Magna organisms as a toxicity indicator. Sono-chemical experiments were applied by an ultrasonic unit with 500 W input power and frequencies of 35 and 130 kHz. Samples were gathered from reactors with Bisphenol-A concentration for more than 100 mg/L. The concentration of Peroxide was more than 2 mg/L. The bioassay experiments showed that Daphnia Magna organism was affected with toxicity of Bisphenol-A. The LC50-24 hr, LC50-48 hr, LC50-72 hr, LC50-96 hr were 42.94, 34.48, 24.26 and 20.22 mg/L, respectively. The toxicity of the Bisphenol-A oxidation process with Ultrasonic and peroxide was less than the toxicity of initial wastewater. Based on the bioassay experiment with Daphnia Magna organisms, the ultrasonic+Hydrogen peroxide could effectively reduce the toxicity of Bisphenol-A through degradation to less toxic matters and hence could be considered as a proper method for treatment of wastewater containing Bisphenol-A.

Depression is one of the most common psychiatry disorders. The most common treatments for this disorder are pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. Due to the side effects and expensiveness of these methods، developing the non-drug treatments seems to be necessary. This study tries to determine the effect of eight weeks of aerobic exercises on depression، frequency of negative automatic thoughts، belief to them and dysfunctional attitudes.

This experimental study was conducted on 36 students at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences who received scores between 13 to 29 in the second edition of Beck depression inventory. They were randomly divided into two groups of experimental (18 cases)، and control group (18 cases). Two cases from the experimental group and four from the control group were excluded due to the lack of replying to the inventory. Subjects completed the second edition of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II)، Dysfunctional Attitudes Scales (DAS)، Automatic thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ) and Beck Hopelessness Scales (BHS) before and after 8 weeks of the intervention. Data were analysed using the independent and paired t-tests.

Subjects’ mean scores in post-test indicated a significant reduction in depression (P<0. 001)، the frequency of automatic thoughts (P=0. 005) and belief to them (P=0. 014). Besides، the experimental group revealed a significant reduction only in depression (P=0. 03).

Eight weeks of aerobic exercises were effective in reducing depression، frequency and belief to negative automatic thoughts.

Uterine leiomyoma is the most common tumor among the female in the reproductive period. The first step to control the tumor is employing medical treatment. Currently GnRH agonists are the most common drugs for medical therapy of uterine myoma. Climacteric-like symptoms and osteoporosis and recurrence of the size of tumor after GnRH agonists consumption are among the most common side effects of employing the medical treatment. In the present study the apoptotic and cytotoxicity effects of All Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA) on cultured human leiomyoma cells were investigated. Samples were myoma cells of women with myomatosis uterine admitted in Imam Reza hospital of Kermanshah. After preparation and counting by neobar lam، they were cultured for 24 hours. Then they were divided into exposed and control groups. The experimental group exposed to ascending concentrations of ATRA and the control group did not have any intervention. After exposure، the cells were cultured for 72 hours. Finally the apoptosis and cytotoxicity were measured using TUNEL method and LDH kit respectively and the results were compared. The results indicated that apoptotic effects of ATRA were significantly higher than those of control group (P<0. 01). Cytotoxicity rate of ATRA was higher than that of control group. The above findings support the hypothesis that probably retinoic acid pathway is one of the main pathways in myoma pathogenesis. It is possible that this patll way. Would be used to stopping to growth of myoma.

The postoperative shivering is one of the common complications of anesthesia after surgery and in the recovery room، which can cause the increased systemic blood pressure، oxygen consumption، heart rate and the cardiac arrhythmias among patients. Due to the variety of drugs used in general anesthesia، and necessity of choosing the effective intravenous and the inhaled drugs to reduce their potential complications، this study was done to compare the effects of the venous propofol drug and the anesthesia Isoflurane gas on the incidence rate of postoperative shivering. In a double-blind clinical trial، 70 patients aged 18 to 65 who underwent the Rhinoplasty surgery were randomly classified into two groups of 35 cases. The occurrence and severity of postoperative shivering were compared in both groups and classified from zero to four. Findings were analyzed employing the t-test and Chi-square. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age، sex، and duration of anesthesia. The incidence and intensity of shivering in recipients of Isoflurane was significantly less than those of the recipients who received Propofol. Using Isoflurane is better than Propofol to reduce the postoperative shivering in the adult patients undergoing the elective Rhinoplasty surgery.

Human body posture influences on his/her physiological functions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of forward shoulder correction on pulmonary function of elementary female students. Subjects of this quasi-experimental research were two groups (n=20) of students with Normal posture (NP) and forward shoulder posture (FSP) which is divided randomly into two control (n=10) and experimental (n=10) groups. Experimental work included stretch-strength training for 6 weeks. The amount of shoulder deviation and slow vital capacity (SVC) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were evaluated at pretest and post test by Double Square device and spirometre respectively. the results of paired t-test indicated a significant reduction of shoulder deviation and significant increase of SVC and FVC due to experimental work in the FSP group (P≤0. 05) but in the NP group no significant changes were observed. based on these findings، corrective exercises causes FVC and SVC improvement through correction of elementary female students’ forward shoulder posture.

TTM is one of the less-known habitual disorders، which is characterized by recurrent hair picking. HRT is one of the most practiced methods for treating this disorder. This study investigates the effectiveness of HRT on the decreasing and improving TTM symptoms. This study was a pre-experimental design with repeated measures (without control group). Before pre-test، treatment was applied and later a post-test was administered. Follow-up data were collected in time intervals of one month and three months after treatments. Participants were 4 female students at Urmia University، who were selected through snowball sampling. Clinical interview، MGH-HS، counting of hair-picking، Milwaukee Inventory for Subtypes Trichotillomania (adult version) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used as the major instruments. Number of picked hair، scores of MGH-HS test، personal ranking for hair-picking and STAI changed dramatically and went through a steep decline after the treatment. Likewise، other participants´ scores were also marked by similar considerable improvements. This shift lasted for 3 months after the completion of treatment sessions and none of participants returned to pre-treatment conditions. HRT method is an effective method for decreasing symptoms of TTM and improving trait and state anxiety، individual''s life quality and damages resulting from this disorder. As the number of participants used in this study was limited، it is suggested that the study be repeated with a wider sample and consequently the effect of this method in treatment of other habitual disorders be investigated too.

TTM is one of the less-known habitual disorders، which is characterized by recurrent hair picking. HRT is one of the most practiced methods for treating this disorder. This study investigates the effectiveness of HRT on the decreasing and improving TTM symptoms. This study was a pre-experimental design with repeated measures (without control group). Before pre-test، treatment was applied and later a post-test was administered. Follow-up data were collected in time intervals of one month and three months after treatments. Participants were 4 female students at Urmia University، who were selected through snowball sampling. Clinical interview، MGH-HS، counting of hair-picking، Milwaukee Inventory for Subtypes Trichotillomania (adult version) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used as the major instruments. Number of picked hair، scores of MGH-HS test، personal ranking for hair-picking and STAI changed dramatically and went through a steep decline after the treatment. Likewise، other participants´ scores were also marked by similar considerable improvements. This shift lasted for 3 months after the completion of treatment sessions and none of participants returned to pre-treatment conditions. HRT method is an effective method for decreasing symptoms of TTM and improving trait and state anxiety، individual''s life quality and damages resulting from this disorder. As the number of participants used in this study was limited، it is suggested that the study be repeated with a wider sample and consequently the effect of this method in treatment of other habitual disorders be investigated too.

This study was carried out with the purpose of investigating the relationship between Cell-phone over use and quality of life dimensions (Physical functioning، Role-physical، Bodily pain، General Health، Role Emotional، Social functioning، Vitality & Mental Health) among university students. The sampling group consisted of 392 students studying at Islamic Azad University، Dezful branch who were chosen by cluster sampling method. The research instruments were cell phone cver-use Scale and short form health survey (SF-36). To investigate the relationship between cell phone over use and quality of life dimensions among university students، Person correlation and simple linear regression were used to analyze the data. Findings indicated a significantly negative relationship between quality of life dimensions (Physical functioning، Role-physical، Bodily pain، General Health، Role Emotional، Social functioning، Vitality & Mental Health) and cell phone over use among university students (P≤0. 01). Simple linear regression indicated that Cellphone Over-use can explain %12 variance of quality of life (RS=0. 012). cell phone over use can effect on quality of life and cellphone normal use prevents negative effects on quality of life.